Nee Soon East Chess Challenge 2018 – Start List – Swiss Manager More than 200 participants are signed up. Please check your names and details and WhatsApp any changes or requests to Philip Chan (91123608) before the end of the day.
Tie-break systems are used in to break ties between players who have the same total number of points after the last round. This is needed when prizes are indivisible, such as titles, trophies, or qualification for another tournament. Otherwise players often share the tied spots, with cash prizes being divided equally among the tied players. If the players are still tied after one tie-break system is used, another system is used, and so on, until the tie is broken. Most of the methods are numerical methods based on the games that have already been played or other objective factors, while some methods require additional games to be played, etc. Is the idea behind the methods based on the games already played: that the player that played the harder competition to achieve the same number of points should be ranked higher.points out deficiencies in most of the tie-break systems and recommends a playoff if there is time. If not, he recommends and then the player who has the most wins.
Main article:The Median system is also known as the Harkness System, after its inventor. For each player, this system sums the number of points earned by the player's opponents, but discarding the highest and lowest. If there are nine or more rounds, the top two and bottom two scores are discarded. Unplayed games by the opponents count ½ point. Unplayed games by the player count zero points.
This is also known as the (:199–200).Modified Median The Modified Median system is similar to the Median system, except:. Players with exactly 50% score are handled as in the regular Median system. Players with more than 50% score have only their lowest-scoring opponent's score discarded. Players with less than 50% score have only their highest-scoring opponent's score discarded (:199–200).Solkoff This system is the same as the Median system, except that no scores are discarded (:200).
Ephraim Solkoff did not invent this system. He introduced it to the United States in 1950, but it was used in England prior to that (:138).Cumulative To calculate this, sum the running score for each round. For example, if a player has (in order) a win, loss, win, and a loss; his round-by-round score will be 1, 1, 2, 2½, 2½.
The sum of these numbers is 9. Additionally, one point is subtracted from the sum for each unplayed win, and ½ point is subtracted for each unplayed draw. In the previous example, if the fourth-round draw was instead a ½ point bye, then ½ point would be subtracted and the final sum would be 8½.This system places more weight on games won in the early rounds and the least weight on games won in the final rounds. Main article:Add the scores of every opponent the player beats and half of the score of every opponent the player draws (:201). The system was named after William Sonneborn and, but it was invented by (:137). The system is the main tie-breaking system in, but is also used in Swiss tournaments. It is also called the.What we call the Sonneborn-Berger system was not invented by Sonneborn or Berger, and it was not originally designed for tie-breaking.
It was invented by Oscar Gelbfuhs about 1873 to be used as a weighted score in round-robin tournaments. It would be used instead of the raw score for final places.
In 1886 Sonneborn criticized the system and suggested an improvement that would give a better weighted score. His suggestion was to add the square of the player's points to the amount calculated as above.
In 1887 and 1888 Berger studied Gelbfuhs' system and the suggestion of Sonneborn. This improvement became known as the Sonneborn-Berger system. When the system is used to break ties between equally scoring players, adding in the square of the player's raw score does no good, so the Sonneborn improvement is omitted. However, the system has retained the Sonneborn-Berger name (:136–37).Opponent's performance This method uses the average performance of the player's opponents. The 'performance rating' of a player is basically the rating he would receive if he had started the tournament without a rating (:202).Average rating of opposition The average rating of the player's opponents (:202).Time of loss Among tied players, the player whose first loss came last gets priority. If player A’s first loss was in round 4 and player B’s first loss was in round 2, player A gets priority. This was a tiebreaker used by in 2004-2005.Tardiness If a player arrives after the first round is paired, the player loses priority.
This tiebreaker is currently used by.Speed play-off games The tie is broken by one or more games played with fast, or.Single fast game rules provide for a single fast decisive game. Black gets five minutes on the clock whereas White gets six minutes but must win (i.e. A draw counts as a win for Black). The player who wins the draw of lots may choose which color he wants.Coin flip As a last resort, ties are broken by a process such as a coin flip (:203).USCF recommended order The (USCF) recommends these as the first four tie-breaking methods to be used (:199):.
Modified Median. Solkoff. Cumulative. Cumulative opponent's scoreSee also.References. (1977), Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess, Crown,. (1967), Official Chess Handbook, McKay.; (1992), (second ed.), Oxford University Press,.
Just, Tim; Burg, Daniel B. Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess (fifth ed.), McKay.